Future alternatives to the use of herbicides in British forestry
نویسنده
چکیده
Weed control is often crucial for successful tree establishment in British forestry. Herbicides currently offer the most cost-effective means available for achieving this, but research into alternatives is required. Recent experiments have been conducted by the Great Britain Forestry Commission investigating the use of 19 alternative ground cover and silvicultural treatments for newly planted ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) and Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) established on fertile lowland ex-agricultural sites. Most ground cover treatments proved difficult to establish and were more competitive to trees than naturally occurring vegetation. White clover (Trifolium repens L.) showed some potential for suppressing weed vegetation without reducing tree growth. Closer initial tree planting densities appeared to offer a practical means of reducing herbicide inputs, whilst still permitting good rates of growth. It is concluded that a comprehensive review of other alternative methods of weed control is now required to set a framework for future Great Britain Forestry Commission research in this field. Résumé : Le contrôle de la végétation est souvent crucial pour que les arbres réussissent à s’établir dans le contexte de la foresterie britannique. Les herbicides offrent présentement le moyen d’atteindre cet objectif au meilleur coût possible mais il est nécessaire de faire de la recherche pour trouver des alternatives. L’utilisation de 19 couvertures de sol différentes et de traitements sylvicoles a récemment été étudiée par la commission de foresterie de Grande-Bretagne dans le cas de nouvelles plantations de frêne commun (Fraxinus excelsior L.) et de sapin de Douglas (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) établies sur des sites agricoles des basses terres fertiles. La plupart des couvertures de sol se sont avérées difficiles à établir et compétitionnaient avec les arbres plus que la végétation naturelle. Le trèfle blanc (Trifolium repens L.) a montré une certaine capacité pour supprimer la végétation indésirable sans réduire la croissance des arbres. Une plus forte densité initiale, au moment de la plantation des arbres, pourrait constituer un moyen pratique de réduire l’apport d’herbicides tout en permettant de bons taux de croissance. L’auteur conclut qu’il est maintenant nécessaire de faire une revue complète de toutes la autres méthodes de contrôle de la végétation pour établir le cadre des futurs travaux de recherche de la commission de foresterie de Grande-Bretagne. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Willoughby 874
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